Te Tipu me te Whakamaemaetanga o te Tioata Tellurium 7N

Te Tipu me te Whakamaemaetanga o te Tioata Tellurium 7N

I. Te Maimoatanga o ngā Rauemi Mata me te Whakamaaramatanga Tuatahi

1. ?Te Kōwhiringa Rauemi Mata me te Kuru?

• ?Ngā Whakaritenga Rauemi‌: Whakamahia te konganuku tellurium, te paru anode rānei (te ihirangi Te ≥5%), ko te paru anode whakarewa parahi te mea pai (kei roto ko te Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) hei rauemi mata.
• ?Tukanga Whakaora i mua‌:
• Te kuru matotoru ki te rahi o te matūriki ≤5mm, ā, muri iho ka mira pōro ki te ≤200 mata;
• Wehenga aukume (kaha o te papa aukume ≥0.8T) hei tango i te Fe, Ni, me ētahi atu poke aukume;
• Te whakamānu i te pahuka (pH=8-9, ngā kaikohi xanthate) hei wehe i te SiO₂, te CuO, me ētahi atu poke kore-aukume.
• ?Ngā Whakatūpato‌: Āta karohia te whakauru o te makuku i te wā e tukatukahia ana i mua i te mākū (me whakamaroke i mua i te tunu); whakahaeretia te makuku o te taiao ≤30%.

1. ?Te Tunu me te Whakahāngaitanga Pyrometallurgical?

• ?Ngā Tawhā Tukanga‌:
• Te pāmahana tunu waikura: 350–600°C (whakahaere ā-wāhanga: pāmahana iti mō te tango whanariki, pāmahana teitei mō te waikura);
• Te wā tunu: 6–8 hāora, me te tere rere o te O₂ o te 5–10 L/min;
• Kaiwhakaora: Waikawa whanariki kukū (98% H₂SO₄), ōwehenga papatipu Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• ?Tauhohenga Matū‌:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2​Te+2O2​+2H2​SO4​→2CuSO4​+TeO2​+2H2​O
• ?Ngā Whakatūpato‌: Whakahaerehia te pāmahana ≤600°C hei ārai i te mimiti o TeO₂ (te pūwāhi koropupū 387°C); rongoāhia te hau putanga ki ngā mea horoi NaOH.

II. Te Whakamahinga Hiko me te Whakamaarama Korehau

1. ?Te whakapai hiko?

• ?Pūnaha Irahiko‌:
• Te hanganga o te irahiko: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), tāpiringa (karatini 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Whakahaere pāmahana: 30–40°C, tere rere o te tohanga 1.5–2 m³/h.
• ?Ngā Tawhā Tukanga‌:
• Te mātotoru o te au: 100–150 A/m², te ngaohiko pūtau 0.2–0.4V;
• Te mokowā o te irahiko: 80–120mm, te matotoru o te whakatakotoranga katote 2–3mm/8h;
• Te whai huatanga o te tango poke: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ?Ngā Whakatūpato‌: Tātarihia te electrolyte i ia wā (tika ≤1μm); whakakanapahia ngā mata o te anode kia kore ai e pāngia.

1. ?Te Whakatōtō Korehau?

• ?Ngā Tawhā Tukanga‌:
• Taumata korehau: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, pāmahana whakahoro 600–650°C;
• Te pāmahana o te rohe whakapūmau: 200–250°C, Te pai o te whakapūmau kohu ≥95%;
• Te wā whakatōtō: 8–12h, te kaha o te puranga kotahi ≤50kg.
• ?Tohatohatanga o te poke‌: Ka kohia ngā poke iti-koropupū (Se, S) ki te taha mua o te pūwhakapūngao; ka noho tonu ngā poke nui-koropupū (Pb, Ag) ki roto i ngā toenga.
• ?Ngā Whakatūpato‌: Whakamahanahia te pūnaha korehau i mua i te papu ki te ≤5×10⁻³Pa i mua i te whakamahana hei ārai i te waikura o Te.

‌III. Te Tiputanga o te Tioata (Te Whakatioata Aronga)‌

1. ?Whirihoranga Taputapu?

• ?Ngā Tauira Ouma Tipu Karāhe‌: TDR-70A/B (te kaha 30kg) TRDL-800 rānei (te kaha 60kg);
• Rauemi para: Karāpeti parakore-teitei (te nui o te pungarehu ≤5ppm), ngā rahinga Φ300×400mm;
• Tikanga whakamahana: Whakamahana ātete ki te karāpiti, pāmahana mōrahi 1200°C.

1. ?Ngā Tawhā Tukanga?

• ?Whakahaere Rewa‌:
• Pāmahana rewa: 500–520°C, te hohonutanga o te puna rewa 80–120mm;
• Hau tiaki: Ar (parakore ≥99.999%), tere rere 10–15 L/min.
• ?Ngā Tawhā Whakatiotanga‌:
• Te tere kume: 1–3mm/h, te tere hurihuri tioata 8–12rpm;
• Te pikinga pāmahana: Te āwhata 30–50°C/cm, te āwhata ≤10°C/cm;
• Tikanga whakamatao: Turanga parahi whakamatao-wai (pāmahana wai 20–25°C), whakamatao hihi o runga.

1. ?Whakahaere Parakore?

• ?Pānga Wehewehe‌: Ka kohia ngā poke pēnei i te Fe, te Ni (te tauwehenga <0.1) i ngā rohe kōpura;
• ?Ngā Huringa Rewa Anō‌: 3–5 huringa, ko te tapeke o ngā poke whakamutunga ≤0.1ppm.

1. ?Ngā Whakatūpato‌:

• Taupokina te mata rewa ki ngā pereti karāpeti hei pehi i te mimiti o Te (te tere o te ngaronga ≤0.5%);
• Aroturukihia te diameter o te karaihe i te wā tūturu mā te whakamahi i ngā ine laser (tika ±0.1mm);
• Āta karohia ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana >±2°C hei ārai i te pikinga o te mātotoru o te nekehanga (whāinga ≤10³/cm²).

IV. Te Tirotiro Kounga me ngā Inenga Matua

‌V. Ngā Tikanga Taiao me te Haumaru‌

1. ?Te Maimoatanga Hau Puta‌:

• Te haunga tunu: Whakakorea te SO₂ me te SeO₂ ki ngā mea horoi NaOH (pH≥10);
• Putanga whakamātao korehau: Whakawhāitihia, ka whakahokia mai te kohu; ka mimitihia ngā hau toenga mā te waro whakahohe.

1. ?Te Whakamahi Anō i te Para‌:

• Paraihe Anode (kei roto ko Ag, Au): Whakaorahia mā te hydrometallurgy (pūnaha H₂SO₄-HCl);
• Ngā toenga hikohiko (kei roto ko te Pb, Cu): Te hokinga ki ngā pūnaha whakarewa parahi.

1. ?Ngā Mahi Haumaru‌:

• Me mau ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā kopare hau (he paitini te kohu); me pupuri tonu te hauhautanga i te pēhanga kino (te tere whakawhiti hau ≥10 huringa/h).

Ngā Aratohu Arotau Tukanga

1. ?Te Whakarerekētanga Rauemi Mata‌: Whakatikatikahia te pāmahana tunu me te ōwehenga waikawa i runga i ngā pūtake paru anode (hei tauira, te whakarewa parahi vs. te mata);
2. ?Te Taurite i te Reiti Kume o te Karaihe‌: Whakatikatikahia te tere kukume kia rite ki te kawe rewa (tau Reynolds Re≥2000) hei pehi i te makariri nui o te tinana;
3. ?Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao‌: Whakamahia te whakamahana rohe pāmahana-rua (rohe matua 500°C, rohe-iti 400°C) hei whakaiti i te kaha e pau ana i te ātete ki te karāhe mā te 30%.