1. Kupu Whakataki

Ko te Antimony, he mea nui te whakarewa kore-ferrous, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te mura ahi, te koranu, te semiconductors me etahi atu mara. Heoi ano, he maha nga wa e noho tahi ana nga ores antimony me te arsenic, na te mea he nui te ihirangi arsenic i roto i te antimony masivesivá e tino pa ana ki te mahi me nga tono o nga hua antimony. Ko tenei tuhinga e whakaatu nahanaha ana i nga tikanga maha mo te tango arsenic i roto i te purenga antimony masivesivá, tae atu ki te whakamahine pyrometallurgical, te whakamahine hydrometallurgical, me te para irahiko, e whakaatu ana i o raatau maataapono, nga rere o te tukanga, nga tikanga whakahaere, me nga painga / ngoikoretanga.

2. Te Whakapaipai Pyrometallurgical mo te Tangohanga Arsenic

2.1 Tikanga Whakamana Alkaline

2.1.1 Kaupapa

Ko te tikanga whakamaara kawakore ka tango i te arsenic i runga i te tauhohenga i waenga i nga puhui whakarewa arsenic me te kawakore ki te hanga arsenates. Whārite tauhohenga matua:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Te Rere Tukatuka

1. Te whakarite rauemi mata: Tuhia te antimoni masivesivá ki nga matūriki 5-10mm ka uru ki te pungarehu houra (Na₂CO₃) i te ōwehenga papatipu 10:1
2. Whakarewa: Whakawerahia i roto i te oumu reverberatory ki te 850-950°C, pupuri mo te 2-3 haora
3. Haoraora: Whakauruhia te hau kōpeke (pēhanga 0.2-0.3MPa), tere rere 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Te hanga para: Tāpirihia te nui o te tote (NaNO₃) hei hāora, inenga 3-5% o te taumaha antimony
5. Te tango para: I muri i te taunga mo te 30 meneti, tangohia te para o te mata
6. Tukurua te mahi: Whakahokia te tukanga i runga ake nei 2-3 wa

2.1.3 Mana Tawhā Tukatuka

• Te mana o te pāmahana: Te pāmahana tino pai 900±20°C
• Inenga alkali: Whakaritea kia rite ki te ihirangi arsenic, te tikanga 8-12% o te taumaha antimony
• Wā hāora: 1-1.5 haora ia huringa hāora

2.1.4 Tikanga Tango Arsenic

Ka taea te whakaiti i te ihirangi arsenic mai i te 2-5% ki te 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Tikanga Volatilization Oxidative

2.2.1 Kaupapa

Ka whakamahi i te ahuatanga ko te waikura arsenic (As₂O₃) he nui ake te pahekeheke atu i te waikura antimony. Ko te As₂O₃ ka huri i te 193°C anake, ko Sb₂O₃ me 656°C.

2.2.2 Te Rere Tukatuka

1. Whakarewa Oxidative: Te wera i roto i te oumu hurihuri ki te 600-650°C me te whakauru hau
2. Te maimoatanga hau rewharewha: Whakakotahi me te whakaora ano i te As₂O₃
3. Te whakaheke i te whakarewa: Whakaitihia nga mea e toe ana ki te 1200°C me te coke
4. Whakama: Tāpirihia he pungarehu houra iti hei purenga ake

2.2.3 Tawhā Matua

• Kukū hāora: 21-28%
• Te wa noho: 4-6 haora
• Te tere hurihanga kiln: 0.5-1r / min

3. Whakapaipai Hydrometallurgical mo te Tango Arsenic

3.1 Tikanga Rerehu Sulfide Alkali

3.1.1 Kaupapa

Ka whakamahi i te ahuatanga o te arsenic sulfide he teitei ake te whakarewatanga i roto i nga wairewa sulfide alkali i te antimony sulfide. Tauhohenga matua:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Whakarewa

3.1.2 Te Rere Tukatuka

1. Te whakawhanaunga: Whakaranuhia te paura antimony masivesivá ki te whanariki i te 1:0.3 ōwehenga papatipu, sulfidize i te 500°C mo te 1 haora
2. Te rewa: Whakamahia te wairewa 2mol/L Na₂S, ōwehenga wai-totoka 5:1, whakaohokia i te 80°C mo te 2 haora
3. Tātaritanga: Tātarihia me te perehi tātari, ko te toenga he iti-arsenic antimony concentrate
4. Whakahoutanga: Whakauruhia te H₂S ki roto i te filtrate hei whakahou i te Na₂S

3.1.3 Nga Tikanga Tukatuka

• Na₂S kukū: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Te rewa pH: 12-13
• He pai te rewharewha: As>90%, Sb ngaro<5%

3.2 Tikanga Rerehu Oxidative Waikawa

3.2.1 Kaupapa

Ka whakamahi i te waikura ngawari ake o te arsenic i roto i nga tikanga waikawa, ma te whakamahi i nga waikura penei i te FeCl₃, H₂O₂ ranei mo te whakakorenga whiriwhiri.

3.2.2 Rere Tukatuka

1. Te rewa: I roto i te wairewa HCl 1.5mol/L, tāpirihia te 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, ōwehenga wai-totoka 8:1
2. Mana mana: Pumau tonu te kaha o te waikura ki te 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Wehenga totoka-wai: Te filtration korehau, tuku filtrate ki te whakaora arsenic
4. Horoi: Horoia te toenga tātari kia 3 nga wa ki te waimeha waimaota waimeha

4. Tikanga Whakapai Hiko

4.1 Kaupapa

Ka whakamahi i te rereketanga o te pumanawa waipara i waenga i te antimony (+0.212V) me te arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Te Rere Tukatuka

1. Te whakarite anode: Makahia te antimony masivesivá ki roto i nga papa anode 400×600×20mm
2. Hanganga hiko: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, tāpiritanga (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Nga tikanga hiko:
   • Kiato o nāianei: 120-150A/m²
   • Ngaohiko pūtau: 0.4-0.6V
   • Te pāmahana: 30-35°C
   • Te tawhiti o te hiko: 100mm
4. Porohita: Tango mai i te pūtau ia 7-10 ra

4.3 Tohu Hangarau

• Cathode antimony parakore: ≥99.85%
• Te tere tango Arsenic: >95%
• Te kaha o naianei: 85-90%

5. Nga Hangarau Tango Arsenic Putanga

5.1 Korehau Māturu

I raro i te 0.1-10Pa korehau, utilizes rerekētanga pēhanga kohu (As: 133Pa i 550°C, Sb titau 1000°C).

5.2 Te Ohoroa Plasma

Ka whakamahi i te plasma iti-mahana (5000-10000K) mo te whiriwhiringa arsenic oxidation, te wa tukatuka poto (10-30min), te iti o te whakapau kaha.

6. Tukatuka Whakatauritenga me nga Tohunga Tohunga

Tohutohu whiriwhiri:

• Whangai-arsenic teitei (As>3%): He pai ake te riihi hiraka kawa
• Arsenic Waenga (0.5-3%): Te parani kawakore, te hikohiko ranei
• Ko nga whakaritenga parakore iti-arsenic: Ko te whakamahi i te hiko hiko e taunaki ana

7. Whakamutunga

Ko te tango i te arsenic mai i te antimony masivesivá me whai whakaaro matawhānui ki nga ahuatanga o nga rawa mata, nga whakaritenga hua, me te ohaoha. Ko nga tikanga pyrometallurgical tawhito he nui te kaha engari he nui te pehanga taiao; Ko nga tikanga hydrometallurgical he iti ake te parahanga engari he roa nga tukanga; Ko nga tikanga electrolytic e whakaputa ana i te parakore teitei engari ka pau ake te kaha. Ko nga ahunga whanaketanga a meake nei ko:

1. Te whakawhanake i nga taapiri hiato pai
2. Te arotau i nga tukanga whakakotahi maha-waahanga
3. Te whakapai ake i te whakamahi rawa arsenic
4. Te whakaheke i te kohi hiko me te tuku parahanga